Start a Joint Stock Company

What is a joint-stock company? A joint-stock company is a significant part of the business world and offers an ideal structure for large-scale enterprises. It is a legal entity established with the capital commitment of its partners and represented by shares. Each shareholder owns a portion of the company proportional to their shares and can transfer these shares as they wish. One of the most important features of joint-stock companies is that the partners are only liable for the amount of capital they have committed; their personal assets are separate from the company's debts. Therefore, joint-stock companies are generally preferred for large enterprises and broad investor bases.

How to establish a joint-stock company? Establishing a joint-stock company is done by following specific procedures, and the role of financial advisors in this process is significant. The first step is to determine details such as the company's name, field of activity, board members, main capital amount, number of partners, and share ratios. The stages of establishing a joint-stock company are as follows: In the process of establishing a joint-stock company, the necessary transactions are initiated through the MERSIS system, and the documents are submitted completely. A tax identification number is assigned to the company through the MERSIS system, and after the main contract is accepted, official signatures are made by going to the Trade Registry Office for establishment. After the transactions at the Trade Registry Office, the company's main contract, registry approval document, and company books are received. After this stage, the necessary transactions with the tax office are completed, and the company officially starts its activities. The support and guidance of financial advisors play an important role in the establishment of a joint-stock company. Also, the cost of establishing a joint-stock company should be calculated. While calculating your company establishment costs, Defterdar provides you with the most accurate information.

How many people are needed to establish a joint-stock company? The process of establishing a joint-stock company does not differ for natural and legal persons. There is no obligation for the founder of a joint-stock company to be a natural person; legal entities can also establish a joint-stock company and be shareholders or partners of the company. Similarly, foreign nationals can establish a joint-stock company and be partners of the company. The status of being a natural person or citizenship does not constitute a significant obstacle in the establishment and management of a joint-stock company. In this respect, the process of establishing a joint-stock company is open to everyone, and individuals of any personality or nationality can establish a company.

Joint-stock companies are a type of company preferred by businesses engaged in commercial activities and have various features. Features of a joint-stock company: The company's main contract must clearly state its economic purpose and subject, and this subject must be registered in the trade registry. The company must have a trade name, and this name must be registered in the trade registry. Joint-stock companies can be established with an unlimited number of shareholders, and shareholders cannot be expelled from the partnership. The company's capital is determined and divided into shares. Shareholders are liable for the capital corresponding to their shares. The company's liability to third parties is limited only to its assets. Shareholders are liable in proportion to their capital shares and are exempt from public debts. The main capital cannot be less than 250,000 TL. For non-public joint-stock companies, the initial capital cannot be less than 500,000 TL. Joint-stock companies can go public and issue stocks and bonds. Board members can be both natural persons and legal entities.

The requirements to establish a joint-stock company are crucial documents that ensure the official establishment of the company. These documents must be prepared completely and accurately: Nace Coded Establishment Petition: This petition, prepared with a stamp and signature, indicates the company's field of activity and trade name. Company Establishment Notification Form if There is a Foreign Partner: If there are foreign partners, the company establishment notification form must be filled out. Company Main Contract: The main contract document, approved by the affiliated directorate, bearing wet signatures, and specifying the company's basic operation. Lease Agreement or Title Deed Copy of the Company Headquarters: The lease agreement or title deed copy of the company headquarters shows the company's physical address. Mersis Registration Certificate: The document showing the Mersis registration and request number indicates the company's official registration. Capital Receipt: The receipt document showing that the company's capital has been invested at the specified rate. Chamber Registration Declaration: The chamber registration declaration should be filled out, including the shareholders' photographs. In addition to these documents, the required documents for the election of legal persons to the board of directors and the requirements of foreign nationals should also be considered. All documents must be prepared completely and correctly for the company to be officially established.

Joint-stock and limited companies operate with different structures and responsibilities in the business world. The differences between joint-stock and limited companies are as follows: There is no limit on the number of shareholders in joint-stock companies, whereas limited companies can have a maximum of 50 shareholders. The minimum capital required for establishing a limited company is 50,000 TL, while this amount is set at 250,000 TL for joint-stock companies. In terms of management structure, joint-stock companies have a general assembly and a board of directors, while limited companies have a general assembly and managers. Joint-stock companies can go public, whereas limited companies cannot. There are also differences in debt liability; shareholders in joint-stock companies are not liable for the company's public debts, but shareholders in limited companies are liable for debts in proportion to their shares. Understanding these differences between joint-stock and limited companies is important for business management and commercial decisions. When choosing the type of company suitable for your industry and business, take advantage of the consultancy services provided by Defterdar and make the healthiest decision.

Joint-stock companies offer a range of advantages in the business world. These advantages are important in terms of the flexibility and growth potential of businesses. Some of the advantages provided by a joint-stock company are as follows: Joint-stock companies can be established with a single partner. This allows entrepreneurs to start their businesses alone and facilitates the establishment process. There are no obligations such as notary or trade registry registration for the sale of company shares. This makes the share purchase and sale processes more flexible. Joint-stock companies have the opportunity to go public. This situation increases the company's growth potential by providing access to a wider investor base. Joint-stock companies can issue bonds. This increases the company's financial flexibility, providing access to different financing sources. Partners are not liable for debts other than capital commitments. This protects the partners' personal assets and limits risks. There is no upper limit on the number of shareholders in joint-stock companies. This allows the company to form a broader partnership structure. Shareholders can hold general meetings electronically if they wish. This makes business processes more efficient. Joint-stock company partners do not have to be managers. This allows partners to take a more flexible approach to business management. There is no 4B (Bağkur) insurance obligation for partners who are not members of the board of directors. This can reduce business costs and create a more comfortable environment for management. Joint-stock companies have a more corporate structure. This ensures that organizational operations are regular and effective.

As Defterdar, we offer you the ease of becoming a company owner. With our services for those who want to step into the business world, you can manage the company establishment process quickly and smoothly. With our experience and expertise, we determine the most suitable company establishment path for you and ensure that you take the necessary steps.

Joint-stock companies are a common preference in the business world and require a minimum of one partner for establishment. At least one partner is sufficient for the establishment of joint-stock companies, but they are usually established with more than one partner. The number of partners can vary depending on the size of the company, its capital structure, and business model. During the establishment phase of the company, the decision-making mechanisms and rights of the partners are also determined.

The ownership of joint-stock companies is usually based on a structure shared among shareholders. These shareholders participate in the company's management and decision-making processes. In joint-stock companies, ownership is represented through shares, and shareholders are generally considered the owners of the company. However, ownership and management distinctions can also be made. For example, in large joint-stock companies, board members may also be considered owners, while in smaller companies, shareholders directly hold ownership rights. The owners of joint-stock companies can usually change their ownership structure by selling or transferring their shares.

The choice of company type in e-commerce depends on the growth potential and income level of your business. For example, if your annual income is around 53,000 TL, it may be logical to establish a sole proprietorship. However, if your annual income exceeds 100,000 TL, establishing a joint-stock or limited company may be more advantageous. Joint-stock companies are generally a suitable option for large-scale enterprises and can be ideal for businesses looking to grow in e-commerce.